荷兰画家,风格派运动幕后艺术家和非具象绘画的创始者之一,对建筑、艺术设计等影响很大,最知名的是抽象代表作《 红、黄、蓝的构成 》,他就是彼埃 · 蒙德里安。
年轻时期受到印象主义、象征主义和表现主义的影响。蒙德里安不仅仅是上世纪最伟大的色彩大师之一,同样也是一名重要的具象画艺术家。
- 《Evening-at-Weesperzijde-Sun》1900年
- 《Portrait of a Girl》,1908年
- 《Haystack》1909年
在蒙德里安的眼中,艺术应该要高于现实,只有远离现实才能找到最纯粹的艺术,艺术家一定要脱离外界的现实事物来创作。后期经过不断的变化创新,形成了新的艺术流派。
一棵树,蒙德里安不是按照肉眼看到的那棵树,原原本本的画下来,而是结合了他对这棵树的内心感受和想象,再将这种精神意象放在线条、形状和颜色的数学框架之中.
- Gray Tree,1911-1912
- Tree,1912
- Blossoming-Apple-Tree,1912.
- Blossoming Apple Tree,1912
- Composition No.10 ,Pier and Ocean, 1915
- 抽象变化的构成
1917年,蒙德里安与其他两位艺术家在荷兰创办了一本名为《风格》的评论杂志,这也是他们被称为“De Stijl 风格派”的原因。呼吁吁彻底拒绝仅停留在视觉上的现实描述,从而采用一种彻底的抽象方式去展现艺术的和谐与秩序。
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1917年的《De Stjil》杂志
将表达的物象简化为平面、直线、矩形,色彩也要减至“红黄蓝”三原色和“黑白灰”三非色。构图只能使用直线和直角,只有红黄蓝三原色。
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红黄蓝格子的构成—1930年
➡ ➡ ➡ ➡ ➡ ➡ ➡ ➡
蒙德里安一直以来都受到广泛的欢迎,作为抽象艺术的领军人物之一,影响甚至跨越艺术界,延伸到了建筑界、时尚等所有设计领域,经久不衰。
1924年,施罗德住宅建成,位于荷兰乌得勒支,建筑师Gerrit Rietveld为一位单亲妈妈和她的三个孩子而设计。蒙德里安生动的平面和网格转变成金属条,木材和管道也通过红色、黄色和蓝色进行表达,格子元素由建筑立面延伸至室内。
- 施罗德住宅1
- 施罗德住宅2
- 模型
柯布西耶,建筑大师对红黄蓝格子的运用,从马赛公寓一直到人生中最后一件设计作品。
- 1952 年的马赛公寓
- 柯布西耶的度假小屋
- 勒·柯布西耶中心
伊姆斯住宅(案例8号),1949年二战结束后,保障性住宅不能满足要求,伊姆斯夫妇设计的预制钢框架房子,可以大批量生产,建筑内外都运用红黄蓝三色,内部超前、经济、简洁,工业化建造与现代居住艺术的结合,至简至美。
包豪斯学院对蒙德里安色彩的运用。
理查德 • 迈耶于1955年设计的荷兰海牙市政厅墙壁
景观设计:
室内设计:画家兼建筑师提奥 • 凡 • 杜斯堡(与蒙德里安同时代的艺术家)设计的L’Aubette咖啡馆,当时引起社会上很大的反响和争议。
- L’Aubette咖啡馆1
- L’Aubette咖啡馆2
- L’Aubette咖啡馆3
卡洛·斯卡帕——瓜里尼基金会,隐喻地使用了格子画的线条、形状、颜色。
- 门框
- 墙洞
- 色块
家具:1918年,建筑师里特维尔德,通过简洁的基本形式和三原色,创造出兼具美观与功能性的红/蓝椅,成为经典之一。
时尚设计,延伸至社会上各个领域。
- 家居
- 杂志
- YSL的“蒙德里安裙”
- 餐具
- 广告
- 钟表
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